Área foliar específica en pastos: relacionando el grosor de hoja con el pastoreo
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Gil Clavijo, A. I. . (2026). Área foliar específica en pastos: relacionando el grosor de hoja con el pastoreo . Revista Mutis, 16(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21789/22561498.2206
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Resumen
Esta investigación evaluó la variable fisiológica área foliar específica (afe) en dos especies forrajeras representativas de sistemas de pastoreo en Cundinamarca, Colombia: Urochloa brizantha y Cynodon nlemfuensis. Estas Poáceas son ampliamente utilizadas en alimentación bovina por su alta producción de biomasa, valor nutricional y capacidad adaptativa. El afe constituye un indicador del grosor foliar y eficiencia en la expansión del dosel, influyendo en intercepción de luz y recuperación pospastoreo. El estudio se desarrolló en dos fincas de la provincia Guavio bajo, comparando dos lotes que contenían las pasturas en mezcla para alimentación bovina: previo al ingreso (prepastoreo) y posterior a alimentación (pospastoreo), teniendo 35 y 45 días de descanso para recuperación foliar. Se evaluaron los mismos lotes durante la experimentación. El análisis permitió identificar diferencias entre las especies evaluadas, reflejando estrategias contrastantes de adaptación al pastoreo, donde U. brizantha mostró mayor capacidad de recuperación foliar frente al estrés de defoliación. Se observó un incremento promedio de 39 cm²·g⁻¹ del AFE para los dos pastos en pospastoreo, observándose el mayor valor en U. brizantha con 260 cm²·g⁻¹ comparado con C. nlemfuensis que desarrolló un afe de 188 cm²·g⁻¹. Estos resultados sugieren que el pastoreo induce una mayor afe, posiblemente asociada con la producción de hojas jóvenes de menor grosor y alta capacidad fotosintética. Se concluye que AFE es un indicador útil para comprender la dinámica de recuperación de pasturas tropicales tras el pastoreo, aportando información relevante para la gestión sostenible de sistemas ganaderos en regiones similares a las del Guavio bajo.
Citas
Adjei M.B., Mislevy, P., Kalmbacher, R.S. & Busey, P. (1989). Production, qual-ity and persistence of tropical grasses as influenced by grazing frequency. Proceedings of the Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida, 48, 1-6.
Ali, A., Darvishzadeh, R., Skidmore, A.K. & Van Duren, I.C. (2017). Specific leaf area estimation from leaf and canopy reflectance through optimization and validation of vegetation indices. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 236, 162-174. DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.01.015
Ávila-Serrano, N. Y., López-Garrido, S. J., Galicia-Jiménez, M. M., González-Crespo, G. de J., & Camacho-Escobar, M. A. (2020). Effect of incorporating arboreal vegetation to Cynodon nlemfuensis diets during in-vitro ruminal fermentation. Revista Terra Latinoamericana, 38(2), 403–412. https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v38i2.618
Baruch Z., Hernández A.B. & Montilla M.G. (1989). Dinámica del crecimiento, fenología y repartición de biomasa de gramíneas nativas e introducidas en una sabana neotropical. Ecotropicos, 2, 1-13.
Bultynck, L., Fiorani, F. & Lambers, H. (2008). Control of Leaf Growth and its Role in Determining Variation in Plant Growth Rate from an Ecological Perspective. Plant Biology, 1(1), 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1999.tb00703.x
Casper, B. B., Forseth, I. N., Kempenich, H., Seltzer, S., & Xavier, K. M. (2001). Drought prolongs leaf life span in the herbaceous desert perennial Cryptantha flava. Functional Ecology, 15(6), 740-747. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0269-8463.2001.00583.x
Da Silva, S.C.; Sbrissia, A.F. & Pereira, L.E. (2015). Ecophysiology of C4 Forage Grasses—Understanding Plant Growth for Optimising Their Use and Management. Agriculture, 5(3), 598-625. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture5030598
Dias-Filho, M.B. (2000). Growth and biomass allocation of the C4 grasses Bra-chiaria brizantha and B. humidicola under shade. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 35(12), 2335-2341. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2000001200003
Dwyer, J.M., Hobbs, R.J. & Mayfield, M.M. (2014). Specific leaf area respons-es to environmental gradients through space and time. Ecology, 95(2), 399–410. https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0412.1
Fox, J., & Weisberg, S. (2019). An {R} companion to applied regression. R pack-age version 3.1.2.https ://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/car/index.html
Giacomini, A.A., Carneiro da Silva, S., Oliveira de Lucena Sarmento, D., Va-resqui Zeferino, C., Kuhn da Trindade, J., Jacaúna Souza Júnior, S., del’Alamo Guarda, V., Fischer Sbrissia, A. & do Nascimento Júnior, D. (2009). Components of the leaf area index of marandu palisadegrass swards subjected to strategies of intermittent stocking. Scientia Agricola, 66(6), 721-732. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162009000600002
Hunt, R. (1990). Basic Growth Analysis. Published by the academic Di-vision of Unwin Hyman Ltd. London, p. 110. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9117-6
Jamovi Project. (2025). Jamovi [Computer Software].
Jonckheere, I; Fleck, S; Nackaerts, K; Muys, B; Coppin, P; Weiss, M; Baret, F. (2004). Methods for leaf area index determination. Part I: Theories, techniques and instruments. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 121, 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.027
Kimball, B.A., Kobayashi, K. & Bindi, M. (2002). Responses of Agricultural Crops to Free-Air CO2 Enrichment. Advances in Agronomy, 77, 293-368.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(02)77017-X
Laliberté, E., Shipley, B., Norton, D. A., & Scott, D. (2012). Which plant traits determine abundance under long-term shifts in soil resource availability and grazing intensity? Journal of Ecology, 100, 662-677. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01947.x
Lambers, H. & Poorter, H. (1992). Inherent variation in growth rate between higher plants: a search for physiological causes and ecological consequences. Advances in Ecological Research, 23, 187-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60148-8
Lenth, R. & Piaskowski, J. (2025). Emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means. R package version 2.0.0, https://rvlenth.github.io/emmeans/.
Louw-Gaume, A.E., Schweizer, N., Rao, I.M., Gaume, A.J., & Frossard, E. (2017). Temporal differences in plant growth and root exudation of two Brachiaria grasses in response to low phosphorus supply. Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropi-cales, 5(3), 103-116. https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(5)103-116
Lusk, C. H. (2002). Leaf area accumulation helps juvenile evergreen trees tol-erate shade in a temperate rainforest. Oecologia, 132(2), 188–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-0974-9
O’Mara, F.P. (2012). The role of grasslands in food security and climate change. Annals of Botany 110(6):1263–1270. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcs209
Paris, W., Tonion, R., Martinello, C., Sartor, L. R., Matielo de Paula, F. L., & de Oliveira, J. G. (2016). Productivity and nutritional value of African Star managed with different leaf blade mass. Acta Scientiarum Animal Science, 38(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v38i1.28549
Pereira, L. E. T., Paiva, A. J., Geremia, E. V., & Da Silva, S. C. (2014). Compo-nents of herbage accumulation in elephant grass cvar Napier subjected to strategies of intermittent stocking management. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 152(6), 954–966. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859613000695
Pérez Amaro, J.A., García Moya, E., Enríquez Quiroz, J., Quero Carrillo, A.R., Pérez Pérez, J. & Hernández Garay, A. (2004). Análisis de crecimiento, área foliar espe-cífica y concentración de nitrógeno en hojas de pasto “mulato” (Brachiaria híbrido cv. Mulato). Técnica Pecuaria en México. 42(3), 447-458.
Posada Ochoa, S., Cerón, J.M., Arenas, J., Hamedt, J.F., & Alvárez, A. (2013). Evaluación del establecimiento de ryegrass (Lolium sp.) en potreros de kikuyo (Pennise-tum clandestinum) usando la metodología de cero labranza. CES Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, 8(1), 23-32. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1900-96072013000100003&lng=en&tlng=es.
R core team. (2025). [Computer Software].
Reyes-Pérez, J.J., Méndez-Martínez, Y., Luna-Murillo, R.A., Herrera-Gallo, S.M., Guaman-Sarango, V.M. & Espinosa-Coronel, A. (2018). Componentes del rendi-miento y composición química del Cynodon nlemfuensis. Revista electrónica de Veterina-ria, 19(9), 1-12. ISSN 1695-7504
Sbrissia, A. & da Silva, S. (2008). Tiller size/density compensation in Marandu palisadegrass swards. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. 37(1): 35-47. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982008000100005
Scheffer-Basso, S.M., Cecchin, K. & Favaretto, A. (2016). Dynamic of domi-nance, growth and bromatology of Eragrostis plana Nees in secondary vegetation area. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 47(2), 582-588.
Shipley, B., Vile, D., Garnier, E., Wright, I.J. & Poorter, H. (2005). Functional linkages between leaf traits and net photosynthetic rate: reconciling empirical and mechanistic models. Functional Ecology, 19, 602–615. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.01008.x
Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Gobernación de Cundinamarca. (2022). Estadísticas Agropecuarias Volumen 30. Consultado en octubre 1, 2025.
Uttam, K., Singh, P., & Boote, K. J. (2012). Effect of climate change factors on processes of crop growth and development and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). En D. L. Sparks (Ed.), Advances in agronomy (Vol. 116, pp. 41–69). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394277-7.00002-6
White, D.S., Peters, M. & Horne, P. (2013). Global impacts from improved tropical forages: A meta-analysis revealing overlooked benefits and costs, evolving values and new priorities. Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales, 1(1), 12-24. https://doi.org/10.17138/TGFT(1)12-24
Wright, I. J., Reich, P. B., Cornelissen, J. H., Falster, D. S., Garnier, E., Hikosa-ka, K., Lamont, B. B., Lee, W., Oleksyn, J., Osada, N., Poorter, H., Villar, R., Warton, D. I., & Westoby, M. (2005). Assessing the generality of global leaf trait relationships. The New phytologist, 166(2), 485–496. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01349.x
Yao, H., Zhang, Y., Yi, X., Hu, Y., Luo, H., Gou, L. & Zhang, W. (2015). Plant density alters nitrogen partitioning among photosynthetic components, leaf photosyn-thetic capacity and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in field-grown cotton. Field Crops Research, 184, 39-49. ISSN 0378-4290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.09.005
Yao, H., Zhang, Y., Yi, X., Zhang, X. & Zhang, W. (2016). Cotton responds to dif-ferent plant population densities by adjusting specific leaf area to optimize canopy pho-tosynthetic use efficiency of light and nitrogen. Field Crops Research, 188, 10-16. ISSN 0378-4290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.01.012
Zheng, S., Li, W., Lan, Z., Ren, H. & Wang, K. (2015). Functional trait responses to grazing are mediated by soil moisture and plant functional group identity. Scientific Reports, 5, 18163. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep18163
Ali, A., Darvishzadeh, R., Skidmore, A.K. & Van Duren, I.C. (2017). Specific leaf area estimation from leaf and canopy reflectance through optimization and validation of vegetation indices. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 236, 162-174. DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.01.015
Ávila-Serrano, N. Y., López-Garrido, S. J., Galicia-Jiménez, M. M., González-Crespo, G. de J., & Camacho-Escobar, M. A. (2020). Effect of incorporating arboreal vegetation to Cynodon nlemfuensis diets during in-vitro ruminal fermentation. Revista Terra Latinoamericana, 38(2), 403–412. https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v38i2.618
Baruch Z., Hernández A.B. & Montilla M.G. (1989). Dinámica del crecimiento, fenología y repartición de biomasa de gramíneas nativas e introducidas en una sabana neotropical. Ecotropicos, 2, 1-13.
Bultynck, L., Fiorani, F. & Lambers, H. (2008). Control of Leaf Growth and its Role in Determining Variation in Plant Growth Rate from an Ecological Perspective. Plant Biology, 1(1), 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1999.tb00703.x
Casper, B. B., Forseth, I. N., Kempenich, H., Seltzer, S., & Xavier, K. M. (2001). Drought prolongs leaf life span in the herbaceous desert perennial Cryptantha flava. Functional Ecology, 15(6), 740-747. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0269-8463.2001.00583.x
Da Silva, S.C.; Sbrissia, A.F. & Pereira, L.E. (2015). Ecophysiology of C4 Forage Grasses—Understanding Plant Growth for Optimising Their Use and Management. Agriculture, 5(3), 598-625. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture5030598
Dias-Filho, M.B. (2000). Growth and biomass allocation of the C4 grasses Bra-chiaria brizantha and B. humidicola under shade. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 35(12), 2335-2341. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2000001200003
Dwyer, J.M., Hobbs, R.J. & Mayfield, M.M. (2014). Specific leaf area respons-es to environmental gradients through space and time. Ecology, 95(2), 399–410. https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0412.1
Fox, J., & Weisberg, S. (2019). An {R} companion to applied regression. R pack-age version 3.1.2.https ://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/car/index.html
Giacomini, A.A., Carneiro da Silva, S., Oliveira de Lucena Sarmento, D., Va-resqui Zeferino, C., Kuhn da Trindade, J., Jacaúna Souza Júnior, S., del’Alamo Guarda, V., Fischer Sbrissia, A. & do Nascimento Júnior, D. (2009). Components of the leaf area index of marandu palisadegrass swards subjected to strategies of intermittent stocking. Scientia Agricola, 66(6), 721-732. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162009000600002
Hunt, R. (1990). Basic Growth Analysis. Published by the academic Di-vision of Unwin Hyman Ltd. London, p. 110. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9117-6
Jamovi Project. (2025). Jamovi [Computer Software].
Jonckheere, I; Fleck, S; Nackaerts, K; Muys, B; Coppin, P; Weiss, M; Baret, F. (2004). Methods for leaf area index determination. Part I: Theories, techniques and instruments. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 121, 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.027
Kimball, B.A., Kobayashi, K. & Bindi, M. (2002). Responses of Agricultural Crops to Free-Air CO2 Enrichment. Advances in Agronomy, 77, 293-368.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(02)77017-X
Laliberté, E., Shipley, B., Norton, D. A., & Scott, D. (2012). Which plant traits determine abundance under long-term shifts in soil resource availability and grazing intensity? Journal of Ecology, 100, 662-677. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01947.x
Lambers, H. & Poorter, H. (1992). Inherent variation in growth rate between higher plants: a search for physiological causes and ecological consequences. Advances in Ecological Research, 23, 187-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60148-8
Lenth, R. & Piaskowski, J. (2025). Emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means. R package version 2.0.0, https://rvlenth.github.io/emmeans/.
Louw-Gaume, A.E., Schweizer, N., Rao, I.M., Gaume, A.J., & Frossard, E. (2017). Temporal differences in plant growth and root exudation of two Brachiaria grasses in response to low phosphorus supply. Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropi-cales, 5(3), 103-116. https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(5)103-116
Lusk, C. H. (2002). Leaf area accumulation helps juvenile evergreen trees tol-erate shade in a temperate rainforest. Oecologia, 132(2), 188–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-0974-9
O’Mara, F.P. (2012). The role of grasslands in food security and climate change. Annals of Botany 110(6):1263–1270. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcs209
Paris, W., Tonion, R., Martinello, C., Sartor, L. R., Matielo de Paula, F. L., & de Oliveira, J. G. (2016). Productivity and nutritional value of African Star managed with different leaf blade mass. Acta Scientiarum Animal Science, 38(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v38i1.28549
Pereira, L. E. T., Paiva, A. J., Geremia, E. V., & Da Silva, S. C. (2014). Compo-nents of herbage accumulation in elephant grass cvar Napier subjected to strategies of intermittent stocking management. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 152(6), 954–966. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859613000695
Pérez Amaro, J.A., García Moya, E., Enríquez Quiroz, J., Quero Carrillo, A.R., Pérez Pérez, J. & Hernández Garay, A. (2004). Análisis de crecimiento, área foliar espe-cífica y concentración de nitrógeno en hojas de pasto “mulato” (Brachiaria híbrido cv. Mulato). Técnica Pecuaria en México. 42(3), 447-458.
Posada Ochoa, S., Cerón, J.M., Arenas, J., Hamedt, J.F., & Alvárez, A. (2013). Evaluación del establecimiento de ryegrass (Lolium sp.) en potreros de kikuyo (Pennise-tum clandestinum) usando la metodología de cero labranza. CES Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, 8(1), 23-32. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1900-96072013000100003&lng=en&tlng=es.
R core team. (2025). [Computer Software].
Reyes-Pérez, J.J., Méndez-Martínez, Y., Luna-Murillo, R.A., Herrera-Gallo, S.M., Guaman-Sarango, V.M. & Espinosa-Coronel, A. (2018). Componentes del rendi-miento y composición química del Cynodon nlemfuensis. Revista electrónica de Veterina-ria, 19(9), 1-12. ISSN 1695-7504
Sbrissia, A. & da Silva, S. (2008). Tiller size/density compensation in Marandu palisadegrass swards. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. 37(1): 35-47. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982008000100005
Scheffer-Basso, S.M., Cecchin, K. & Favaretto, A. (2016). Dynamic of domi-nance, growth and bromatology of Eragrostis plana Nees in secondary vegetation area. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 47(2), 582-588.
Shipley, B., Vile, D., Garnier, E., Wright, I.J. & Poorter, H. (2005). Functional linkages between leaf traits and net photosynthetic rate: reconciling empirical and mechanistic models. Functional Ecology, 19, 602–615. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.01008.x
Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Gobernación de Cundinamarca. (2022). Estadísticas Agropecuarias Volumen 30. Consultado en octubre 1, 2025.
Uttam, K., Singh, P., & Boote, K. J. (2012). Effect of climate change factors on processes of crop growth and development and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). En D. L. Sparks (Ed.), Advances in agronomy (Vol. 116, pp. 41–69). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394277-7.00002-6
White, D.S., Peters, M. & Horne, P. (2013). Global impacts from improved tropical forages: A meta-analysis revealing overlooked benefits and costs, evolving values and new priorities. Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales, 1(1), 12-24. https://doi.org/10.17138/TGFT(1)12-24
Wright, I. J., Reich, P. B., Cornelissen, J. H., Falster, D. S., Garnier, E., Hikosa-ka, K., Lamont, B. B., Lee, W., Oleksyn, J., Osada, N., Poorter, H., Villar, R., Warton, D. I., & Westoby, M. (2005). Assessing the generality of global leaf trait relationships. The New phytologist, 166(2), 485–496. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01349.x
Yao, H., Zhang, Y., Yi, X., Hu, Y., Luo, H., Gou, L. & Zhang, W. (2015). Plant density alters nitrogen partitioning among photosynthetic components, leaf photosyn-thetic capacity and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in field-grown cotton. Field Crops Research, 184, 39-49. ISSN 0378-4290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.09.005
Yao, H., Zhang, Y., Yi, X., Zhang, X. & Zhang, W. (2016). Cotton responds to dif-ferent plant population densities by adjusting specific leaf area to optimize canopy pho-tosynthetic use efficiency of light and nitrogen. Field Crops Research, 188, 10-16. ISSN 0378-4290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.01.012
Zheng, S., Li, W., Lan, Z., Ren, H. & Wang, K. (2015). Functional trait responses to grazing are mediated by soil moisture and plant functional group identity. Scientific Reports, 5, 18163. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep18163
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