Uso de microalgas en la industria química de Colombia: una revisión
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Cifuentes Castellanos, J. M. (2025). Uso de microalgas en la industria química de Colombia: una revisión. Revista Mutis, 15(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.21789/22561498.2140
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Resumen
Las microalgas, microorganismos fotosintéticos fundamentales en los ecosistemas acuáticos, destacan por su capacidad de realizar fotosíntesis oxigénica, equilibrar el oxígeno y promover el flujo energético. Su rápido crecimiento, alta adaptabilidad, elevado contenido lipídico y capacidad de fijar carbono han despertado un interés creciente en las últimas décadas, con la identificación de cerca de 100,000 especies distribuidas globalmente. Históricamente han sido utilizadas como alimento y en aplicaciones terapéuticas desde hace más de 2000 años. Actualmente se reconocen como fuentes de compuestos bioactivos, incluyendo ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, carotenoides y vitaminas, con amplias aplicaciones en las industrias alimenticia, cosmética, energética y de salud. Este estudio revisó 53 artículos indexados en Scopus y Publindex publicados entre el 2012 y el 2024, clasificando las aplicaciones de las microalgas en la industria química colombiana en áreas como farmacéutica, biofertilizantes, biorremediación, nutrición y biocombustibles. Se identificaron las clases Chlorophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae y Cyanophyceae como las más estudiadas, especialmente los géneros Scenedesmus sp., Chlorella sp. y Arthrospira sp. Las principales aplicaciones se concentran en la biorremediación de aguas y la producción de biocombustibles, destacando los departamentos de Antioquia y Norte de Santander como los más relevantes. Finalmente, se subraya la necesidad de profundizar en estudios a nivel de especie y avanzar en investigaciones bajo condiciones de campo. También se resalta la importancia de fortalecer áreas como las aplicaciones farmacéuticas y biomédicas, biofertilizantes y nutrición humana y animal, para maximizar el potencial de las microalgas en el contexto de la alta biodiversidad colombiana.
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