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Torres Cadavid , L., Ubaque Ramirez, J. L., & Camacho Kurmen , J. E. . (2025). Producción de astaxantina usando la biomasa de Haematococcus pluvialis obtenida en el biorreactor BIOSTAT A PLUS de 5 L . Revista Mutis, 15(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.21789/22561498.1826
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Resumen
La astaxantina es un carotenoide al que se le considera útil en diversas industrias, además se le reconoce por su potente capacidad antiinflamatoria, anticancerígena y antioxidante. La microalga Haematococcus pluvialis es considerada como la mejor productora natural de astaxantina. En la actualidad, la mayor cantidad de astaxantina se produce de forma sintética, y se comercializa a costos elevados, por esta razón se produce este compuesto de forma natural.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la producción de astaxantina usando la biomasa de H. pluvialis obtenida en el Biorreactor BIOSTAT A PLUS de 5 litros, sometiéndose a las condiciones de estrés acetato de sodio 0,375 mg/L y 0, 750 mg/L y una irradiancia de 360 luxes con LEDS blanca, en medios BBM y RM, pH 6,8, temperatura 20°C, agitación diaria y cajas de cultivo celular. Se determinó el cambio morfológico, la concentración de clorofila y astaxantina. Estableciendo que el tratamiento que uso medio RM con 0.375 mg/L de acetato de sodio, produjo 6.09 mg/L de astaxantina. El Anova (95%) realizado no estableció diferencias significativas entre tratamientos para la producción del carotenoide (F=1,38; P=0,259; gl=5), pero sí para el crecimiento celular ((F= 3,54; P=0,015; gl= 5), y según el test Tukey HSD (95%) este tratamiento tiene significativamente mayor crecimiento celular de 3.01 x 108 cel./mL.
Esta investigación permite concluir que el uso de la biomasa obtenida de H. pluvialis en el Biorreactor BIOSTAT A PLUS de 5 litros, para someterla a factores de estrés como el acetato de sodio, combinado con alta irradiancia, permite obtener astaxantina
Citas
Borowiak, D. & Krzywonos, M. (2022). Bioenergy, biofuels, lipids and pig-ments—Research trends in the use of microalgae grown in photobioreactors. Energies, 15(15), 5357. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155357
Choi, Y. E., Yun, Y. S., Park, J. M., & Yang, J. W. (2011). Multistage operation of airlift photobioreactor for increased production of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology, 21(10), 1081-1087. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1103.03041
Do, T. T., Tran-Thi, B. H., Ong, B. N., Le, T. L., Nguyen, T. C., Quan, Q. D., ... & Tran, H. D. (2021). Effects of red and blue light emitting diodes on biomass and astaxanthin of Haematococcus pluvialis in pilot scale angled twin-layer porous sub-strate photobioreactors. Vietnam Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering, 63(2), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.31276/VJSTE.63(2).81-88
De Moraes, L. B. S., Mota, G. C. P., dos Santos, E. P., Campos, C. V. F. D. S., da Silva, B. A. B., Olivera Gálvez, A., & de Souza Bezerra, R. (2024). Haematococcus pluvialis cultivation and astaxanthin production using different nitrogen sources with pulse feeding strategy. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 14(14), 16231-16243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03824-7
Enrico, D. (2018) Inuence of Light Stress on the Accumulation of Xantho-phylls and Lipids in Haematococcus Pluvialis CCALA 1081 Grown under Auto-trophic or Mixotrophic Conditions. J Marine Biol Aquacult, 4(1), 30- 35.
Gómez, L., Orozco, M. I., Quiroga, C., Díaz, J. C., Huérfano, J., Díaz, L. E. y Camacho, J. E. (2019). Producción de Astaxantina y expresión de genes en Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae, Volvocales) bajo condiciones de estrés por deficiencia de nitrógeno y alta irradiancia. Mutis, 9(2), 7-24. https://doi.org/10.21789/22561498.1532
Gutierrez, B. S. H., Miranda, A., Meneses, D., Vargas, G., & Sáez, A. (2021). The Effect of Different Concentrations of Nitrogen and Phosphorous on the Production of Lipid Metabolites in Haematococcus Pluvialis UTEX 25051. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-262577/v1
He, B., Hou, L., Dong, M., Shi, J., Huang, X. & Ding, Y. (2018) Transcriptome Analysis in Haematococcus pluvialis: Astaxanthin Induction by High Light with Acetate and Fe 2. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(1), 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010175
Imamoglu E. (2007). Effect of Different Culture Media and Light Intensities on Growth of Haematococcus pluvialis. Int J Nat Eng Sci, 1(3), 5-9.
Jannel, S., Caro, Y., Bermudes, M., & Petit, T. (2020). Novel insights into the biotechnological production of Haematococcus pluvialis-derived astaxanthin: Advanc-es and key challenges to allow its industrial use as novel food ingredient. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 8(10), 789. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100789
Jin, E., Lee, C.G. & Polle, J.E.W. (2006) Secondary carotenoid accumulation in Haematococcus (chlorophyceae): Biosynthesis, regulation, and biotechnology. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 16, p. 821–31.
Li, F., Cai, M., Lin, M., Huang, X., Wang, J. & Ke H, (2019). Differences between Motile and Nonmotile Cells of Haematococcus pluvialis in the Production of Astaxan-thin at Different Light Intensities. Marine Drugs, 17(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17010039
Liu, Y. y Yildiz, I. (2019). Biorremediación de aguas residuales de minería y producción de astaxantina por Haematococcus pluvialis. International Journal of Glob-al Warming, 19.
Li, X., Wang, X., Duan, C., Yi, S., Gao, Z., Xiao, C., ... & Li, J. (2020). Biotechnological production of astaxanthin from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Biotechnology Advances, 43, 107602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107602
Manrique Pinzón, M.A. y Marín Corredor, D. L. (2019). Producción de astaxantina en Haematococcus pluvialis bajo el efecto de la deficiencia de nitrógeno y alta irradiancia en el biorreactor BIOSTAT ® a plus [Trabajo de grado. Unicolmayor].
Niño Castillo, C.M., Rodríguez Rivera, F.C., Díaz, L.E. y Lancheros Díaz, A.G. (2017). Evaluación de las condiciones de crecimiento celular para la producción de astaxantina a partir de la microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Nova, 15(28), 19. https://doi.org/10.22490/24629448.2073
Oslan, S. N. H., Shoparwe, N. F., Yusoff, A. H., Rahim, A. A., Chang, C. S., Tan, J. S., ... & Mohamed, M. S. (2021). A review on Haematococcus pluvialis bioprocess op-timization of green and red stage culture conditions for the production of natural astaxanthin. Biomolecules, 11(2), 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11020256
Pan-utai, W., Parakulsuksatid, P., & Phomkaivon, N. (2017). Effect of inducing agents on growth and astaxanthin production in Haematococcus pluvialis: Organic and inorganic. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 12, 152-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2017.10.004
Pereira, S. & Otero, A. (2020). Haematococcus pluvialis bioprocess optimiza-tion: Effect of light quality, temperature and irradiance on growth, pigment content and photosynthetic response. Algal Research, 51, 102027.
Ramaraj, S., Radhakrishnan, R. & Hashem, A. (2017). Microalgae metabolites: A rich source for food and medicine. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 26(20), 709–22
Ramírez Landínez, D. M. (2013). Evaluación del crecimiento y producción de astaxantina por Haematococcus pluvialis en un fotobiorreactor tipo airlift (tesis docto-ral. Universidad Nacional de Colombia). https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/handle/unal/20559/300061.2013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Régnier, P., Bastias, J., Rodriguez-Ruiz, V., Caballero-Casero, N., Caballo, C. & Sicilia, D. (2015). Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis Prevents Oxidative Stress on Human Endothelial Cells without Toxicity. Marine Drugs, 13(5), 2857-2874. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13052857
Reis, D.F., Machado Junior, F. R., Ores, J.D.C., Lemes, A.C., Burkert, C.A.V. & Burkert, J.F. (2019). Influência do CO2 no Crescimento de Haematococcus Pluvialis e na Produção de Carotenoides. Uniciências, 22(3Esp), 25. https://doi.org/10.17921/1415-5141.2018v22n3Espp25-29
Rodríguez L. (2019). Producción de astaxantina en Haematococcus pluvialis bajo efecto de factores de estrés como acetato de sodio y cloruro de sodio [Trabajo de grado. Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca]. https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/handle/unicolmayor/3709/RODRIGUEZ%20ROMERO%20LAURA%20JOHANNA-.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
Shah, M. M. R., Liang, Y., Cheng, J. J., & Daroch, M. (2016). Astaxanthin-producing green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis: from single cell to high value commercial products. Frontiers in plant science, 7, 531. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00531
Tocquin, P., Fratamico, A. & Franck, F. (2012). Screening for a low-cost Haem-atococcus pluvialis medium reveals an unexpected impact of a low N/P ratio on vege-tative growth. J Appl Phycol, 24(3), 365–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-011-9771-3
Tokarz, D., Cisek, R., El-Ansari, O., Espie, G.S., Fekl, U. & Barzda, V. (2014). Or-ganization of astaxanthin within oil bodies of Haematococcus pluvialis studied with polarization-dependent harmonic generation microscopy. PLoS ONE, 9(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107804
Wang, B., Zhang, Z., Hu, Q., Sommerfeld, M., Lu, Y. & Han, D. (2014). Cellular Capacities for High-Light Acclimation and Changing Lipid Profiles across Life Cycle Stages of the Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis. PloS one, 9(9), e106679. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106679
Wang, C., Wang, K., Ning, J., Luo, Q., Yang, Y., Huang, D., & Li, H. (2021). Tran-scription factors from Haematococcus pluvialis involved in the regulation of astaxan-thin biosynthesis under high light-sodium acetate stress. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 9, 650178. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.650178
Zhang, C., Zhang, L. & Liu, J. (2018). Exogenous sodium acetate enhances astaxanthin accumulation and photoprotection in Haematococcus pluvialis at the non-motile stage. J Appl Phycol, 31(2), 1001–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1622-z
Zhang, L., Su, F., Zhang, C., Gong, F. & Liu, J. (2016). Changes of Photosynthetic Behaviors and Photoprotection during Cell Transformation and Astaxanthin Accumula-tion in Haematococcus pluvialis Grown Outdoors in Tubular Photobioreactors. Interna-tional journal of molecular sciences, 18(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010033
Zhao, K., Li, Y., Yan, H., Hu, Q., & Han, D. (2022). Regulation of light spectra on cell division of the unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis: insights from physi-ological and lipidomic analysis. Cells, 11(12), 1956. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11121956
Choi, Y. E., Yun, Y. S., Park, J. M., & Yang, J. W. (2011). Multistage operation of airlift photobioreactor for increased production of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology, 21(10), 1081-1087. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1103.03041
Do, T. T., Tran-Thi, B. H., Ong, B. N., Le, T. L., Nguyen, T. C., Quan, Q. D., ... & Tran, H. D. (2021). Effects of red and blue light emitting diodes on biomass and astaxanthin of Haematococcus pluvialis in pilot scale angled twin-layer porous sub-strate photobioreactors. Vietnam Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering, 63(2), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.31276/VJSTE.63(2).81-88
De Moraes, L. B. S., Mota, G. C. P., dos Santos, E. P., Campos, C. V. F. D. S., da Silva, B. A. B., Olivera Gálvez, A., & de Souza Bezerra, R. (2024). Haematococcus pluvialis cultivation and astaxanthin production using different nitrogen sources with pulse feeding strategy. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 14(14), 16231-16243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03824-7
Enrico, D. (2018) Inuence of Light Stress on the Accumulation of Xantho-phylls and Lipids in Haematococcus Pluvialis CCALA 1081 Grown under Auto-trophic or Mixotrophic Conditions. J Marine Biol Aquacult, 4(1), 30- 35.
Gómez, L., Orozco, M. I., Quiroga, C., Díaz, J. C., Huérfano, J., Díaz, L. E. y Camacho, J. E. (2019). Producción de Astaxantina y expresión de genes en Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae, Volvocales) bajo condiciones de estrés por deficiencia de nitrógeno y alta irradiancia. Mutis, 9(2), 7-24. https://doi.org/10.21789/22561498.1532
Gutierrez, B. S. H., Miranda, A., Meneses, D., Vargas, G., & Sáez, A. (2021). The Effect of Different Concentrations of Nitrogen and Phosphorous on the Production of Lipid Metabolites in Haematococcus Pluvialis UTEX 25051. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-262577/v1
He, B., Hou, L., Dong, M., Shi, J., Huang, X. & Ding, Y. (2018) Transcriptome Analysis in Haematococcus pluvialis: Astaxanthin Induction by High Light with Acetate and Fe 2. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(1), 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010175
Imamoglu E. (2007). Effect of Different Culture Media and Light Intensities on Growth of Haematococcus pluvialis. Int J Nat Eng Sci, 1(3), 5-9.
Jannel, S., Caro, Y., Bermudes, M., & Petit, T. (2020). Novel insights into the biotechnological production of Haematococcus pluvialis-derived astaxanthin: Advanc-es and key challenges to allow its industrial use as novel food ingredient. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 8(10), 789. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100789
Jin, E., Lee, C.G. & Polle, J.E.W. (2006) Secondary carotenoid accumulation in Haematococcus (chlorophyceae): Biosynthesis, regulation, and biotechnology. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 16, p. 821–31.
Li, F., Cai, M., Lin, M., Huang, X., Wang, J. & Ke H, (2019). Differences between Motile and Nonmotile Cells of Haematococcus pluvialis in the Production of Astaxan-thin at Different Light Intensities. Marine Drugs, 17(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17010039
Liu, Y. y Yildiz, I. (2019). Biorremediación de aguas residuales de minería y producción de astaxantina por Haematococcus pluvialis. International Journal of Glob-al Warming, 19.
Li, X., Wang, X., Duan, C., Yi, S., Gao, Z., Xiao, C., ... & Li, J. (2020). Biotechnological production of astaxanthin from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Biotechnology Advances, 43, 107602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107602
Manrique Pinzón, M.A. y Marín Corredor, D. L. (2019). Producción de astaxantina en Haematococcus pluvialis bajo el efecto de la deficiencia de nitrógeno y alta irradiancia en el biorreactor BIOSTAT ® a plus [Trabajo de grado. Unicolmayor].
Niño Castillo, C.M., Rodríguez Rivera, F.C., Díaz, L.E. y Lancheros Díaz, A.G. (2017). Evaluación de las condiciones de crecimiento celular para la producción de astaxantina a partir de la microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Nova, 15(28), 19. https://doi.org/10.22490/24629448.2073
Oslan, S. N. H., Shoparwe, N. F., Yusoff, A. H., Rahim, A. A., Chang, C. S., Tan, J. S., ... & Mohamed, M. S. (2021). A review on Haematococcus pluvialis bioprocess op-timization of green and red stage culture conditions for the production of natural astaxanthin. Biomolecules, 11(2), 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11020256
Pan-utai, W., Parakulsuksatid, P., & Phomkaivon, N. (2017). Effect of inducing agents on growth and astaxanthin production in Haematococcus pluvialis: Organic and inorganic. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 12, 152-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2017.10.004
Pereira, S. & Otero, A. (2020). Haematococcus pluvialis bioprocess optimiza-tion: Effect of light quality, temperature and irradiance on growth, pigment content and photosynthetic response. Algal Research, 51, 102027.
Ramaraj, S., Radhakrishnan, R. & Hashem, A. (2017). Microalgae metabolites: A rich source for food and medicine. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 26(20), 709–22
Ramírez Landínez, D. M. (2013). Evaluación del crecimiento y producción de astaxantina por Haematococcus pluvialis en un fotobiorreactor tipo airlift (tesis docto-ral. Universidad Nacional de Colombia). https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/handle/unal/20559/300061.2013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Régnier, P., Bastias, J., Rodriguez-Ruiz, V., Caballero-Casero, N., Caballo, C. & Sicilia, D. (2015). Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis Prevents Oxidative Stress on Human Endothelial Cells without Toxicity. Marine Drugs, 13(5), 2857-2874. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13052857
Reis, D.F., Machado Junior, F. R., Ores, J.D.C., Lemes, A.C., Burkert, C.A.V. & Burkert, J.F. (2019). Influência do CO2 no Crescimento de Haematococcus Pluvialis e na Produção de Carotenoides. Uniciências, 22(3Esp), 25. https://doi.org/10.17921/1415-5141.2018v22n3Espp25-29
Rodríguez L. (2019). Producción de astaxantina en Haematococcus pluvialis bajo efecto de factores de estrés como acetato de sodio y cloruro de sodio [Trabajo de grado. Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca]. https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/handle/unicolmayor/3709/RODRIGUEZ%20ROMERO%20LAURA%20JOHANNA-.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
Shah, M. M. R., Liang, Y., Cheng, J. J., & Daroch, M. (2016). Astaxanthin-producing green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis: from single cell to high value commercial products. Frontiers in plant science, 7, 531. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00531
Tocquin, P., Fratamico, A. & Franck, F. (2012). Screening for a low-cost Haem-atococcus pluvialis medium reveals an unexpected impact of a low N/P ratio on vege-tative growth. J Appl Phycol, 24(3), 365–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-011-9771-3
Tokarz, D., Cisek, R., El-Ansari, O., Espie, G.S., Fekl, U. & Barzda, V. (2014). Or-ganization of astaxanthin within oil bodies of Haematococcus pluvialis studied with polarization-dependent harmonic generation microscopy. PLoS ONE, 9(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107804
Wang, B., Zhang, Z., Hu, Q., Sommerfeld, M., Lu, Y. & Han, D. (2014). Cellular Capacities for High-Light Acclimation and Changing Lipid Profiles across Life Cycle Stages of the Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis. PloS one, 9(9), e106679. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106679
Wang, C., Wang, K., Ning, J., Luo, Q., Yang, Y., Huang, D., & Li, H. (2021). Tran-scription factors from Haematococcus pluvialis involved in the regulation of astaxan-thin biosynthesis under high light-sodium acetate stress. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 9, 650178. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.650178
Zhang, C., Zhang, L. & Liu, J. (2018). Exogenous sodium acetate enhances astaxanthin accumulation and photoprotection in Haematococcus pluvialis at the non-motile stage. J Appl Phycol, 31(2), 1001–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1622-z
Zhang, L., Su, F., Zhang, C., Gong, F. & Liu, J. (2016). Changes of Photosynthetic Behaviors and Photoprotection during Cell Transformation and Astaxanthin Accumula-tion in Haematococcus pluvialis Grown Outdoors in Tubular Photobioreactors. Interna-tional journal of molecular sciences, 18(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010033
Zhao, K., Li, Y., Yan, H., Hu, Q., & Han, D. (2022). Regulation of light spectra on cell division of the unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis: insights from physi-ological and lipidomic analysis. Cells, 11(12), 1956. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11121956
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