Explorando el pasado: el poder de la microscopía y la histología en el estudio de tejidos antiguos
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Hellen Alexandra Cardenas Otavo
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Cardenas Otavo, H. A. ., & Rodriguez Saza, F. (2026). Explorando el pasado: el poder de la microscopía y la histología en el estudio de tejidos antiguos. Revista Mutis, 16(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.21789/22561498.2181
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Resumen
Este artículo revisa el impacto de diferentes técnicas de microscopía e histología en el análisis de tejidos antiguos de humanos, animales, plantas y patógenos. Se observó un incremento notable en publicaciones entre 2000 y 2023, con un enfoque predominante en tejidos óseos y dentales debido a su preservación. Las técnicas avanzadas como la microscopía confocal y la inmunohistoquímica han permitido nuevos avances en tejidos blandos y patógenos. Las regiones más activas en investigación son Europa y América del Norte, mientras que Latinoamérica y África presentan menores contribuciones. A pesar de los avances, se identifican limitaciones relacionadas con la preservación de muestras y la accesibilidad tecnológica.
Citas
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Fox, C. H., et al. (1985). Formaldehyde fixation. Journal of Histochemistry & Cy-tochemistry, 33(8), 845-853. https://doi.org/10.1177/33.8.3894502
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Greenblatt, C., et al. (2000). Immunohistochemistry in ancient human tissues. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 111(3), 429-433.
Graf, W. (1949). Preserved histological structures in Egyptians and ancient Swe-dish skeletons. Acta Anatomica, 8, 236–254. https://doi.org/10.1159/000140412
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Assis, S., & de Boer, H. H. (2022). Paleohistopathology: History, Technical As-pects, and Diagnostic Challenges. In The Routledge Handbook of Paleopathology (pp. 82-104). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003130994-6
Assis, S. S. D. (2013). Beyond the visible world. Bridging macroscopic and paleo-histopathological techniques in the study of periosteal new bone formation in human skeletal remains (Doctoral dissertation, 00500: Universidade de Coimbra).
Assis, S., Keenleyside, A., Santos, A. L., & Cardoso, F. A. (2015). Bone diagenesis and its implication for disease diagnosis: the relevance of bone microstructure analysis for the study of past human remains. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 21(4), 805-825. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927615000768
Aufderheide, A. C. (2011). Soft tissue taphonomy: a paleopathology perspec-tive. International Journal of Paleopathology, 1(2), 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2011.10.001
Booth, T. J. (2016). An investigation into the relationship between funerary treatment and bacterial bioerosion in European archaeological human bone. Archaeome-try, 58(3), 484-499. https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12190
Booth, T. (2014). An investigation into the relationship between bone diagenesis and funerary treatment (Doctoral dissertation, University of Sheffield).
Booth, T. J., Brönnimann, D., Madgwick, R., & Portmann, C. (2022). The tapho-nomic and archaeothanatological potentials of diagenetic alterations of archaeological bone. In The Routledge handbook of archaeothanatology (pp. 580-599). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351030625-35
Bos, K. I., et al. (2011). A draft genome of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death. Nature, 478(7370), 506-510. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10549
Brönnimann, D., et al. (2020). Microscopic evidence of bacterial biofilms in an-cient human bone. Scientific Reports, 10, 15004.
Brothwell, D. R., & Pollard, A. M. (2001). Handbook of Archaeological Sciences. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119592112.index
Campbell, G., et al. (2021). Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of an-cient organic residues. Analytical Methods, 13(1), 12-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60016-7_20
Capasso, L., D'anastasio, R., & Michetti, E. (2001). The use of the confocal micro-scope in the study of ancient human bones. Anthropologie (1962-), 39(2/3), 181-186.
Castaño, J. F., et al. (2015). Dental pathology and diet in prehispanic populations from San Agustín, Colombia. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 25(4), 423-435.
Cuccu, A., Calderón, T., Azanza, B., & DeMiguel, D. (2025). Hard tissue thin‐sectioning techniques in vertebrate paleohistology: Review, synthesis and improvements. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 16(1), 66-83. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14469
Coates, J., et al. (2019). Chemical insights using Raman microscopy on ancient samples. Journal of Archaeological Science, 110, 105-120.
Cooper, A., & Poinar, H. N. (2000). Ancient DNA: Do it right or not at all. Science, 289(5482), 1139. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5482.1139b
Collinson, M. E. (2011). Molecular taphonomy of plant organic skeletons. Ta-phonomy: process and bias through time, 223-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8643-3_6
Dabney, J., & Meyer, M. (2012). Characterizing ancient DNA damage. Nature Protocols, 7(2), 250-260. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a012567
Dauphin, Y. (2022). Vertebrate Taphonomy and Diagenesis: Implications of Structural and Compositional Alterations of Phosphate Biominerals. Minerals, 12(2), 180. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12020180
de Buffrénil, V., de Ricqlès, A. J., Zylberberg, L., & Padian, K. (Eds.). (2021). Ver-tebrate skeletal histology and paleohistology. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351189590
Denk, W., & Horstmann, H. (2004). Serial block-face scanning electron micros-copy to reconstruct three-dimensional tissue nanostructure. PLoS Biology, 2(11), e329. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020329
De Ricqlès, A. J. (1993). Some remarks on palaeohistology from a comparative evolutionary point of view. En G. Grupe y A. N. Garland (Eds.), Histology of ancient hu-man bone: Methods and diagnosis. Proceedings of the Palaeohistology Workshop held from 3–5 October 1990 at Göttingen (pp. 37–77). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02894-0_2
Delannoy, Y., Colard, T., Cannet, C., Mesli, V., Hédouin, V., Penel, G., & Ludes, B. (2018). Characterization of bone diagenesis by histology in forensic contexts: A human taphonomic study. International journal of legal medicine, 132, 219-227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-017-1699-y
De Boer, H. H., Van der Merwe, A. E., & Maat, G. J. (2013). The diagnostic value of microscopy in dry bone palaeopathology: a review. International Journal of Paleo-pathology, 3(2), 113-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2013.03.004
Feng, R., Maley, J. M., Schatte, G., Hoffmeyer, R. E., Brink, K. S., Ellis, T., ... & Sammynaiken, R. (2016). Chemical and structural information from the enamel of a Troodon tooth leading to an understanding of diet and environment. Applied Spectrosco-py, 70(11), 1883-1890. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003702816653123
Fitzhugh, K., et al. (2019). Advanced imaging techniques in paleopathology. An-tiquity, 93(371), 1122-1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.path.2015.02.004
Fitzhugh, K., et al. (2019). Preservation of cellular structures in ancient tissues revealed by advanced imaging techniques. Antiquity, 93(371), 1122-1137. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2019.55
Fox, C. H., et al. (1985). Formaldehyde fixation. Journal of Histochemistry & Cy-tochemistry, 33(8), 845-853. https://doi.org/10.1177/33.8.3894502
Fornaciari, G. (2018). Histology of ancient soft tissue tumors: A review. Interna-tional Journal of Paleopathology, 21, 64-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.02.007
Gardner, R. V. (2000). Bone diagenesis: Taphonomy in archaeological bone and its relationship with the suvival of ancient DNA. University of London, University College London (United Kingdom).
Gómez, A. R., et al. (2020). in the analysis of animal remains from Chiribiquete, Colombia. Latin Microscopy American Antiquity, 31(1), 34-49. https://doi.org/10.1017/laq.2020.1
Greenblatt, C., et al. (2000). Immunohistochemistry in ancient human tissues. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 111(3), 429-433.
Graf, W. (1949). Preserved histological structures in Egyptians and ancient Swe-dish skeletons. Acta Anatomica, 8, 236–254. https://doi.org/10.1159/000140412
Guarino, F. M., Angelini, F., Odierna, G., Bianco, M. R., Bernardo, G. D., Forte, A., ... & Cipollaro, M. (2000). Detection of DNA in ancient bones using histochemical meth-ods. Biotechnic & Histochemistry, 75(3), 110-117. https://doi.org/10.3109/10520290009066488
Haynes, S., Searle, J. B., Bretman, A., & Dobney, K. M. (2002). Bone preserva-tion and ancient DNA: the application of screening methods for predicting DNA survival. Journal of Archaeological Science, 29(6), 585-592. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2001.0731
Hillier, M. L., & Bell, L. S. (2007). Differentiating human bone from animal bone: a review of histological methods. Journal of forensic sciences, 52(2), 249-263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00368.x
Howard, R. J. (2005). Confocal microscopy for analyzing fossilized plant struc-tures. Microscopy Research and Technique, 64(6), 551-557. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.20219
Hsieh, T.-Y., et al. (2020). Confocal microscopy for fossil plant analysis. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 275, 104159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2020.104159
Hühns, M., Röpenack, P., & Erbersdobler, A. (2015). Molecular and immuno-histochemical characterization of historical long-term preserved fixed tissues from differ-ent human organs. PloS one, 10(8), e0135297. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135297
Iniesto, M., Blanco-Moreno, C., Villalba, A., Buscalioni, Á. D., Guerrero, M. C., & López-Archilla, A. I. (2018). Plant tissue decay in long-term experiments with microbial mats. Geosciences, 8(11), 387. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8110387
Jiménez, R. E., et al. (2018). Paleobotanical studies of Holocene ecosystems in the Magdalena River region using confocal microscopy. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 252, 15-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2018.02.004
Kontopoulos, I. (2018). Bone diagenesis: the mysteries of the petrous pyramid (Doctoral dissertation, University of York).
Martínez, L., et al. (2019). Advances in bone microstructure studies in prehispan-ic Colombia using SEM. Journal of Archaeological Science, 102, 84-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2019.01.007
Moodle, R. L. (1926). Studies in paleopathology, XIII: the element of the Haver-sian system in normal and pathological structures among fossil vertebrates. Biol. Gen-eralis, 2.63-95.
Pérez, C., et al. (2021). Detection of ancient pathogens in Andean mummies us-ing histological techniques. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 174(3), 543-556. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24309
Porpora, F., Zaro, V., Liccioli, L., Modi, A., Meoli, A., Marradi, G., ... & Carretti, E. (2022). Performance of innovative nanomaterials for bone remains consolidation and effect on 14C dating and on palaeogenetic analysis. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 6975. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10798-5
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