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Cárdenas Guarín, J. H. ., Sigarroa Rieche, A. K. ., & Salazar Mercado, S. A. . (2022). Aplicación de semillas artificiales como método de conservación in vitro de orquídeas: Encapsulación de embriones . Revista Mutis, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.21789/22561498.1818
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Resumen
Las técnicas de conservación ex situ de germoplasma vegetal se han convertido en herramientas imprescindibles para la preservación de la biodiversidad en el mundo. Las orquídeas son conocidas por ser una de las familias más afectadas por este problema, y se requieren de grandes esfuerzos para asegurar genéticamente el germoplasma de estas especies. Con el paso de los años, el cultivo de tejidos vegetales se ha establecido como el método más práctico y efectivo para la conservación y propagación de la familia Orchidaceae, debido a la gran cantidad de material que se puede disponer de un número limitado de plantas. Sin embargo, es bien conocido el corto tiempo de vida en almacenamiento que presentan las semillas de las orquídeas. Desde el desarrollo biotecnológico se han implementado técnicas como la encapsulación de embriones vegetales, la cual ha obtenido resultados efectivos y favorables para la conservación de germoplasma de las orquídeas. En la presente revisión se hace una recopilación de algunos de los avances más significativos en la técnica de semillas artificiales, resaltando sus principales diferencias y similitudes con otras técnicas de preservación vegetal utilizadas para la conservación de orquídeas. Se demuestra así que las técnicas de encapsulación de embriones representan un gran avance para la conservación de orquídeas a corto y mediano plazo, y la optimización de los protocolos permitirá su uso en diferentes laboratorios de la región y el país, y contribuirá a la estandarización de la técnica y su implementación en distintas variedades de orquídeas, obteniendo un impacto significativo en la conservación de germoplasma de esta familia.
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